Ask HN：未来几年，软件工程将走向何方？
1 分•作者: lichtenberger•20 天前
从至少半年前开始，我经常在思考软件工程的未来发展方向。在我的业余项目中，我目前使用Cursor/Claude Code来实现我的愿景（自2013年开始的一个数据库系统，是康斯坦茨大学一个项目的延续），进行我一直想做的大规模重构，但以前从未找到动力去开始，因为这将是一个需要多年才能完成的巨大工程。现在，在人工智能助手时代，这确实令人印象深刻，因为当然，代码中经常存在非常重复的模式，而且也能解决我以前从未有时间（和技能？）自己解决的其他问题。当然，有时候测试毫无意义，有时会失控（例如，删除测试或“简化”测试，而不是修复实际的生产代码问题……）。但另一方面，在人工智能助手的帮助下，我构建了一个完整的前端（而我一直是一名后端工程师，略懂嵌入式软件工程）。
也就是说，每当我抽出时间，我就可以更有效地实现我的愿景（更像是以产品负责人+架构师的身份，而不是“手动”编写所有内容）。因此，我当然会思考我们的工作在未来是否安全。我认为你始终需要大力引导这些助手，并在它们即将失控时立即阻止它们，因此你必须具备高级软件工程师的技能，但另一方面，我确信由少数高级工程师组成的小团队可以比以前更有效率。所以，要么在某个时候你需要更少的软件工程师，要么你可以更快地交付产品，实现更多想法，或者可以比以前更有效地探索新想法（=> 更多小型初创公司？）。我真的不知道……
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Since at least half a year now, I'm often times asking myself where we're moving towards regarding software engineering. Regarding my spare time projects I'm nowadays using Cursor/Claude Code to work on my vision (a database system since 2013 as a continuation of a project at the University of Konstanz) to do big refactorings I always wanted to do, but never found the drive to start as it would have been a major multi-year effort. Now, in the age of AI agents it's really impressive, as of course there are often times very repetitive patterns, but also regarding other issues I never had the time (and skills?) to solve myself. Of course, sometimes the tests make no sense, it's going haywire sometimes (for instance rather deleting tests or "simplify" them, instead of fixing real production code issues...). But on the other hand I built a full frontend with the help of AI agents (and I'm a backend engineer, always have been with a little embedded software engineering expertise).<p>That said, whenever I find some time, I can work on my vision much more efficiently (mostly as a product owner + architect in one person rather than writing everything "by hand"). So, I of course wonder if our jobs are safe in the future. I think you'll always have to heavily guide the agents and stop them immediately whenever they're about to get haywire and thus you have to have the skills of a senior software engineer, but on the other hand I'm sure that small teams of senior engineers can be much more efficient than before. So, either it's that you'll need less software engineers at some point, or if it's rather that you can deliver products faster with more ideas implemented or simply that new ideas can be explored much more efficiently as before => more small startups?). I really don't know...