问 HN：量子计算、计算机与编程
1 分•作者: rramadass•6 个月前
有哪些好的资源，例如书籍/论文/文章/视频等，可以用来学习上述三个领域（从基础到高级）？
1) 量子计算：这里的抽象计算模型究竟是什么？经典的计算模型，例如 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model_of_computation 适用吗？还有哪些新的模型被发明出来？
2) 量子计算机：它们的物理学、组织结构和架构是什么？在经典计算机中，有半导体物理学、电子元件和电压阈值，它们映射到逻辑 1 和 0。然后，这被用来构建抽象层。它们在量子计算机中有什么等价物？https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_computing 上有很多信息，但结构不够清晰，难以理解。
3) 量子编程：https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_programming 上提到了很多内容，亚马逊上也列出了一堆关于这个主题的书籍，但我不太清楚所有内容是如何整合在一起的。
另外，据我所知，量子计算/编程可以在经典硬件上进行模拟，但我不太清楚具体是如何实现的。
PS：如果能提供一些详细的例子，说明量子计算机/编程实际上是如何帮助你解决经典计算机无法解决的问题的，将有助于将所有内容整合在一起。Shor 算法 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shor%27s_algorithm) 经常被提及，但也许从一个更简单的例子开始会更容易理解。
PPS：特别是，我很想听听那些实际研究/工作于这个领域的人的意见，了解他们实际在做什么，它的实际应用，以及如何学习这门学科。
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What are some good resources viz. books/papers/articles/videos/etc. to study about the three domains listed above (from Basics to Advanced)?<p>1) Quantum Computation: What exactly are the abstract models of computation here? Are the Classical Computation models i.e. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model_of_computation applicable? What other new models have been invented?<p>2) Quantum Computers: What is the Physics, Organization and Architecture of these? In classical computers you have semiconductor physics, electronic elements and voltage thresholds mapping to logical 1's and 0's. This is then used to build layers of abstractions. What are their equivalents in a quantum computer? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_computing has a lot of info. but not quite structured for understanding.<p>3) Quantum Programming: A lot is mentioned at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_programming and Amazon lists a bunch of books on this topic but am not quite clear on how everything fits.
Also as i understand, quantum computing/programming can be simulated on classical hardware but am not clear on the how.<p>PS: Some detailed examples as to how quantum computers/programming actually help you solve problems which cannot be solved on classical computers would be helpful to bring everything together. Shor's algorithm (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shor%27s_algorithm) is often mentioned but perhaps starting with a far simpler example would be more accessible.<p>PPS: In particular; I would love to hear from folks who actually study/research/work in this domain regarding what they actually do, its real-world applicabilities and how to go about learning the subject.