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给不熟悉情况或年轻的 HN 用户：亚伦·斯沃茨是一位程序员和互联网自由活动家。他 14 岁时参与编写了 RSS 规范，并协助创建了 Reddit、知识共享（Creative Commons）、Markdown 语法、开放图书馆（Open Library）等。但他远不止这些杰出的代码贡献。他认为隐藏在不合理付费墙后面的公共信息应该免费，并为此努力使其真正公开。 2008 年，他编写了一个脚本，从政府的付费 PACER 数据库下载数百万份联邦法院文件。最终，他被联邦当局发现，但此案在未提起诉讼的情况下结案。亚伦违反了服务条款，但他并未违法，因为这些文件是公共财产。这些文件现在永久托管在互联网档案馆上。 2010 年末，他开始运行一个脚本来下载 JSTOR 档案，这是一个数字图书馆，将数百万篇学术期刊、论文、书籍和原始资料锁在昂贵的付费墙后面。JSTOR 发现了，并开始对他进行防火墙限制。亚伦通过进入麻省理工学院 16 号楼地下室一个未锁的杂物间，将他的笔记本电脑连接到网络交换机上，并将其藏在纸板箱下，从而绕过了防火墙。结果并不好。麻省理工学院和 JSTOR 发现了这台笔记本电脑，并联系了当局，当局将其变成了一场联邦诱捕行动，并使用摄像头抓住了亚伦的行动。联邦检察官和美国律师试图以此为例杀鸡儆猴。他们没有提起简单的非法侵入或民事诉讼，而是以包括《计算机欺诈与滥用法案》（CFAA）和电汇欺诈在内的多项重罪指控他，威胁要判处他 35 年监禁和 100 万美元罚款（与过失杀人、抢劫银行等更严重罪行的刑罚相当）。亚伦拒绝了将他定为重罪犯的认罪协议。三年后，亚伦仍然面临审判和联邦政府的全力追捕。2013 年 1 月 11 日，他结束了自己的生命。他当时 26 岁。今天，我们向这位开放网络的先驱建设者和思想家致敬。一些链接：亚伦关于释放学术知识的宣言：https://ia600101.us.archive.org/1/items/GuerillaOpenAccessManifesto/Goamjuly2008.pdf 亚伦的网志：https://github.com/joshleitzel/rawthought/tree/master 关于亚伦·斯沃茨的优秀纪录片：https://archive.org/details/TheInternetsOwnBoyTheStoryOfAaronSwartz 亚伦的主题演讲“我们如何阻止 SOPA”：https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fgh2dFngFsg 16 岁的亚伦在知识共享（Creative Commons）发布会上的演讲：https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YpT_V-DB1JU

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Context for the uninitiated or younger HN audience:Aaron Swartz was a programmer and an internet freedom activist. He co-authored the RSS spec at age 14, and helped build Reddit, Creative Commons, Markdown syntax, Open Library, and more. But he was much more than the sum of his outstanding code contributions. He believed public information hidden behind unreasonable paywalls should be free, and fought to make it actually public.In 2008, he wrote a script to download millions of federal court documents from the government's paywalled PACER database. In due time, he was caught by federal authorities, but the case was closed without filing charges. Aaron had violated the terms of service, but he had not broken the law as the documents were public property. The cache is now permanently hosted on the Internet Archive.In late 2010, he started running a script to download the JSTOR archive, a digital library that locks millions of academic journals, papers, books, and primary sources behind expensive paywalls. JSTOR caught on, and started firewalling him. Aaron bypassed the firewalls by entering an unlocked utility closet in the basement of MIT's Building 16 and connected his laptop to the network switch, hiding it under a cardboard box. This did not end well.MIT and JSTOR found the laptop and contacted the authorities, who turned this into a federal sting operation, and used a camera to catch Aaron in the act. Federal prosecutors and U.S. attorneys tried to make an example out of him. Instead of a simple trespass or civil suit, they charged him with multiple felonies including CFAA and wire fraud, threatening him with 35 years in prison and $1 million in fines (comparable to sentences for manslaughter, bank robbery, and worse crimes). Aaron rejected a plea deal that would brand him a felon.After three years, Aaron was still facing trial and the full weight of the federal government. On January 11, 2013, he took his life. He was 26 years old.Today, we pay tribute to a pioneering builder and thinker of the open web.Some links:Aaron's manifesto on freeing academic knowledge: https://ia600101.us.archive.org/1/items/GuerillaOpenAccessManifesto/Goamjuly2008.pdfAaron's weblogs: https://github.com/joshleitzel/rawthought/tree/masterAn excellent documentary on Aaron Swartz: https://archive.org/details/TheInternetsOwnBoyTheStoryOfAaronSwartzAaron’s keynote “How we stopped SOPA”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fgh2dFngFsg16 year old Aaron speaking at the launch of Creative Commons: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YpT_V-DB1JU

亚伦·斯沃茨于今日逝世十三周年。