Ask HN: 你的业余项目会受到《网络弹性法案》的约束吗？
1 分•作者: overregulated•9 个月前
据我理解，如果你在商业活动之外（无论是否开源）发布软件，CRA 并不适用。假设一个承包商拥有一个在线品牌（以其个人名义），一个博客，以及一个包含一些项目的 GitHub 账户。那么，你是否可以拥有一个业余项目，而无需遵守 CRA 的规定？有人可能会争辩说，这种在线存在是一种商业活动，并且其中包含与此相关的软件。
我想，更安全的一种方法是将商业产品放在另一个网站上，使用另一个品牌名称，并且仅从个人网站（更像是一个关于我的页面）链接到该品牌。但我不太确定这样是否会更安全。
法律是这样说的，但对于什么是商业活动，并没有明确的定义：
[https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=OJ:L_202402847](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=OJ:L_202402847)
2/1
> 本法规适用于市场上提供的具有数字元素的商品，其预期目的或合理可预见的使用包括与设备或网络的直接或间接逻辑或物理数据连接。
3/22
> “投放市场”是指在商业活动过程中，在欧盟市场上为分销或使用而供应具有数字元素的商品，无论是否收费；
商业活动在引言中被提及，但引言不具有法律约束力：
> 本法规仅适用于经济运营商，涉及在市场上提供的具有数字元素的商品，因此在商业活动过程中供应以供在欧盟市场上分销或使用。在商业活动过程中供应的特征可能不仅在于对具有数字元素的商品收费，还在于对技术支持服务收费（如果这不仅仅是为了收回实际成本），在于盈利意图，例如通过软件平台提供商盈利其他服务，在于要求将处理个人数据作为使用的条件，而不仅仅是为了提高软件的安全性、兼容性或互操作性，或者在于接受超过与设计、开发和提供具有数字元素的商品相关的成本的捐款。接受捐款而无盈利意图不应被视为商业活动。
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As far as I understand, CRA does not apply if you ship software outside of commercial activity (whether open source or not). Suppose a contractor has an online brand (in their personal name), a blog, a GitHub account with some projects. Are you allowed then to have a hobby project without jumping through CRA hooks? One could possibly argue the online presence is a commercial activity and there's software tied to it.<p>I figure one way to make it safer would be to put the commercial offering on another website, under another brand name and only link to that brand from the personal website, which is more like an about me page. But I am not sure how much safer that would be.<p>The law says this, but there's no clear definition of what is a commercial activity:<p>https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=OJ:L_202402847<p>2/1<p>> This Regulation applies to products with digital elements made available on the market, the intended purpose or reasonably foreseeable use of which includes a direct or indirect logical or physical data connection to a device or network.<p>3/22<p>> making available on the market’ means the supply of a product with digital elements for distribution or use on the Union market in the course of a commercial activity, whether in return for payment or free of charge;<p>Commercial activity is mentioned in the introduction, which is not legally binding:<p>> This Regulation applies to economic operators only in relation to products with digital elements made available on the market, hence supplied for distribution or use on the Union market in the course of a commercial activity. Supply in the course of a commercial activity might be characterised not only by charging a price for a product with digital elements, but also by charging a price for technical support services where this does not serve only the recuperation of actual costs, by an intention to monetise, for instance by providing a software platform through which the manufacturer monetises other services, by requiring as a condition for use the processing of personal data for reasons other than exclusively for improving the security, compatibility or interoperability of the software, or by accepting donations exceeding the costs associated with the design, development and provision of a product with digital elements. Accepting donations without the intention of making a profit should not be considered to be a commercial activity.