Q2Gemini 回复：极右翼意识形态及其对查尔斯·达尔文的误读
2 分•作者: mobileturdfctry•5 个月前
在思考当今世界局势时，我产生了一个预感，于是我问道：
“你们在网上是否发现过任何线索，表明MAGA（和其他极右翼意识形态）可能误解了查尔斯·达尔文的研究？”
我从未以这种方式讨论过这个问题。也许我只是没有关注正确的论坛。:)。这似乎非常重要（甚至是最核心的），可能应该纳入今天的政治讨论中。
是的，有几个迹象表明，包括与MAGA相关的极右翼意识形态，经常误解或歪曲查尔斯·达尔文的研究。这些误解通常源于将生物进化与社会或政治学说混为一谈，通常是出于意识形态目的。以下是一些关键线索和常见的误解：
1. “社会达尔文主义”及其误用：
误解：一个核心的误解是“社会达尔文主义”的概念，这并非达尔文的理论。虽然“适者生存”这句话（由赫伯特·斯宾塞创造，而非达尔文）经常被错误地归因于达尔文，但后来被采纳并扭曲，以证明社会、经济和种族等级制度的合理性。社会达尔文主义认为，某些个人、群体或国家天生“更适合”，因此应该占据主导地位，这往往导致反对社会福利、支持不受约束的资本主义、帝国主义，甚至优生学的论点。
极右翼关联：这种误用与一些极右翼叙事相呼应，这些叙事强调个人主义、竞争，以及对不同群体之间固有的优越性或劣等性的信念。虽然主流科学广泛否定社会达尔文主义，但其潜在的竞争性和等级制度的理念可以与一些极右翼对社会结构和权力动态的看法相符。
在线线索：你会在网上找到来自学术和大众来源的文章和讨论，强调社会达尔文主义如何歪曲生物进化，以及它在历史上如何被用来证明歧视性政策的合理性，包括那些与极端民族主义或至上主义意识形态相关的政策。
2. 神创论和智能设计：
误解：很大一部分极右翼，特别是那些具有强烈福音派或原教旨主义基督教倾向的人，拒绝科学的进化论，而倾向于神创论或智能设计（ID）。神创论坚持对圣经创世记的字面解释，而智能设计则认为生命的复杂性指向一个“智能原因”，而不是无定向的自然过程，通常暗示一个神圣的设计者。
极右翼关联：对于这些群体来说，接受进化论被视为对宗教信仰和传统价值观的挑战。对进化论的拒绝往往与对主流科学和机构的更广泛的怀疑态度并存，这是某些极右翼言论中的一个常见主题。
在线线索：你会看到许多与神创论和智能设计相关的网站和组织（如发现研究所）积极宣传反对进化论的论点，经常将其框架为“争议”，尽管存在压倒性的科学共识。这些论点经常出现在保守派和极右翼社区流行的论坛和社交媒体上的讨论中。
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While pondering the current state of the world, I had a hunch, so I asked:<p>Are there any clues you may have come across online that would indicate that perhaps MAGA (and other far right ideologies) misunderstand the research of Charles Darwin?<p>I've never seen this discussed in this way. Maybe I'm just not following the right forums. :). This seems important enough (at the core even) that it probably should be included in today's political conversation.<p>Yes, there are several indications that far-right ideologies, including those associated with MAGA, often misunderstand or misrepresent the research of Charles Darwin. These misunderstandings typically stem from a conflation of biological evolution with social or political doctrines, often for ideological purposes. Here are some key clues and common misinterpretations:<p>1. "Social Darwinism" and its Misapplication:<p>Misunderstanding: A central misunderstanding is the concept of "Social Darwinism," which is not Darwin's theory. While the phrase "survival of the fittest" (coined by Herbert Spencer, not Darwin) is often incorrectly attributed to Darwin, it was later adopted and distorted to justify social, economic, and racial hierarchies. Social Darwinism posits that certain individuals, groups, or nations are inherently "fitter" and therefore deserve to dominate, often leading to arguments against social welfare, for unchecked capitalism, imperialism, or even eugenics.<p>Far-Right Connection: This misapplication resonates with some far-right narratives that emphasize individualism, competition, and a belief in inherent superiority or inferiority among different groups. While mainstream science widely discredits Social Darwinism, its underlying competitive and hierarchical ethos can align with some far-right views on societal structure and power dynamics.<p>Clues Online: You'll find articles and discussions online from both academic and popular sources highlighting how Social Darwinism misrepresents biological evolution and how it has been historically used to justify discriminatory policies, including those associated with extreme nationalist or supremacist ideologies.<p>2. Creationism and Intelligent Design:<p>Misunderstanding: A significant portion of the far-right, particularly those with strong evangelical or fundamentalist Christian leanings, reject the scientific theory of evolution in favor of creationism or Intelligent Design (ID). Creationism adheres to a literal interpretation of biblical creation accounts, while Intelligent Design argues that life's complexity points to an "intelligent cause" rather than undirected natural processes, often implying a divine designer.<p>Far-Right Connection: For these groups, accepting evolution is seen as a challenge to religious faith and traditional values. The rejection of evolution often goes hand-in-hand with a broader skepticism towards mainstream science and institutions, a common theme in some far-right rhetoric.<p>Clues Online: You'll see numerous websites and organizations associated with creationism and Intelligent Design (like the Discovery Institute) that actively promote arguments against evolution, often framing it as a "controversy" despite overwhelming scientific consensus. These arguments frequently appear in discussions on forums and social media popular among conservative and far-right communities.<p>Continued in comments: